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From GATE

A camera obscura, was a simple optical device used for capturing images. It consisted of a light-tight room or box with a small aperture on one side. When light passed through the aperture, it projected an inverted image of the outside scene onto a surface inside, such as paper or a viewing screen. This precursor to modern cameras allowed for the recording of scenes and objects with great accuracy and played a pivotal role in the early development of photography.